Do you put a full stop after et al in a sentence?
Et al. is a Latin phrase that means 'and others'. Because it's not English, you should always write it in italics (slanted text). Always put a full stop after al. as it's an abbreviation of a longer word.
Is there a dot after et al?
Remember that there is no comma between the surname and "et al.," and the period goes only after the "al." The English translation of "et al." is "and others."
Do you need two periods when ending a sentence with et al?
No. Only one period. Therefore, If your sentence ends with an abbreviation, the period at the end of the abbreviation will also serve as the period to end the sentence.
How do you punctuate with an et al at the end of a sentence?
When you use other punctuation with et al., like a comma, it goes after the period. But if you're ending a sentence with et al., you don't need an additional period.
How do you use et al in a sentence example?
“Et al.” is short for the Latin term “et alia,” which means “and others.” It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Example: Using “et al.” Hulme et al. (2019) argue that …
How do you write et al correctly?
Proper formatting of et al.
APA style: In in-text citations, use "et al." when there are three or more authors. For reference lists, the first author's name is listed, followed by "et al." For example, "Smith, J., et al. (2019). Title of the source."
Why is there a period in et al?
105). However, it should not be italicized when you are using it as part of a reference. We also see et al without the period at the end. Because et al. is short for et alii (Latin for “and others”), the second word is actually an abbreviation and as such takes a period.
Do you put a comma before and after et al?
In MLA style, a comma is generally only used before et al. in the “Author” slot of works-cited-list entries when the author's first and last names are reversed: Burdick, Anne, et al. Digital_Humanities.
What does et al mean in punctuation?
This phrase means and others. Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.
Do you put another period after etc in a sentence?
The abbreviation etc. always ends with a period, regardless of any additional punctuation that may follow: Karen tries not to eat chips, chocolate, etc. , even though she loves junk food.
Can you have 2 periods at the end of a sentence?
In any case, here are some answers: Don't ever put two periods in a row. Put one period at the end of a declarative sentence, even if it ends with an abbreviation or a URL. (Questions and exclamations use question marks and exclamation points instead of a period, not in addition to one, even in quotations.)
Do you use a full stop after an abbreviation?
A full stop is frequently used at the end of word abbreviations – in British usage, primarily truncations like Rev., but not after contractions like Revd; in American English, it is used in both cases. It may be placed after an initial letter used to abbreviate a word.
Is it OK to use et al in email?
in an Email. Use it in an email greeting by saying, “Dear Mr. Smith et al.,” when there is more than one recipient. For punctuation, always follow the abbreviation with a period since it's short for “et alia” or “and others.”
How do you punctuate a quote at the end of a sentence?
In American English, a quote that comes at the end of a sentence will contain a period inside the final quotation marks. ✅ Correct: She said, “Goodbye.”
Do you put punctuation at the end of a quote?
1. The final period or comma goes inside the quotation marks, even if it is not a part of the quoted material, unless the quotation is followed by a citation. If a citation in parentheses follows the quotation, the period follows the citation.
How do you use et al in a sentence plural?
(Note that "et al." makes the subject plural if the authors are the subject of the sentence rather than the paper, so it is "Smith et al. [1] show" not "shows".
How do you use et al legally?
Et al. is short for the Latin expression “et alia,” “et alius,” or “et alii.” Et al. means “and others” or “and the other people” and usually follows the name of a person or a list of names and represents the remainder of the group.
How do you write et al in a paper example?
You use “et al.” in academic writing to cite a publication that has multiple authors (or other contributors, such as editors). For example, instead of an in-text citation reading (Schouten, McAlexander, Smith, Rogers, & Koenig 2010), it would simply be (Schouten et al., 2010).
Can you say author et al in a sentence?
For six or more authors, list the first author's name followed by “et al.” If you're citing a work that was written by a number of authors that is higher than six, you don't need to list all of the authors' names. You can just state the first author's last name, followed by “et al.” for all mentions.
How do you read et al in a sentence?
How Do You Read Et Al.? Et al. is the abbreviated way to write the term. However, when you say it out loud, you should say the full term et alia or et alii. Another option is to say the English translation and others just like you might say for example when reading e.g., out loud.
Do you put a comma before et al Chicago style?
For 4 or more authors, include only the first author followed by "et al." (meaning "and everyone else"). Place a period after "al." and do not use a comma between the author's name and "et al." (James Smith et al.)
Can you put reference number in middle of sentence?
A reference or citation can be positioned at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.
How do you use et al in Harvard?
et al. stands for 'and others' and it should be used in your in-text citations only, to indicate that a work has multiple authors. In your reference list at the end of your work, you should include all of the authors. It should only be used if the source you are citing has four or more authors (ie more than three).
How do you use et al in the middle of a sentence?
The phrase "et al."—from the Latin et alii, which literally means "and others"—must always be typed with a space between the two words and with a period after the "l" (since the "al." is an abbreviation). A comma does not follow the abbreviation unless the sentence's grammar requires it.
Whose name goes first in et al?
Answer: You should always use the first author's name before "et al." and not the name of the contact author. This is because the first author is the lead author or main author of the paper; typically, the person who carried out the majority of the research with the assistance of the other co-authors.
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