Do you put a comma before et al in-text?
Remember that there is no comma between the surname and "et al.," and the period goes only after the "al." The English translation of "et al." is "and others." A helpful table of this rule can be found in APA 7, Table 8.1.
Do I use a comma before et al?
In MLA style, a comma is generally only used before et al. in the “Author” slot of works-cited-list entries when the author's first and last names are reversed: Burdick, Anne, et al. Digital_Humanities.
How should et al be written in-text?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Here's how it works: Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
Do you put a comma before in-text citation?
The citation is enclosed in parentheses and includes the authors last name and the year of publication. For example: According to Smith (2019), "quoting in APA format does not require a comma before the in-text citation" (p. 42).
Should there be a comma before etc?
Use a comma before “etc.” in a series, but a comma is not necessary if there is no series. Examples Fruit, vegetables, bread, etc. Tenants are expected to use dustbins etc. to store waste.
How do you punctuate et al in a sentence?
Using Et Al.: Correct Punctuation
When punctuating et al., 'et' isn't followed by a period, but 'al' is always followed by a period. This is because 'et' isn't an abbreviation but a complete Latin word while 'al' is the abbreviation of 'alia.
Do you put a comma before et al Chicago style?
For 4 or more authors, include only the first author followed by "et al." (meaning "and everyone else"). Place a period after "al." and do not use a comma between the author's name and "et al." (James Smith et al.)
How do you write et al in a paper example?
You use “et al.” in academic writing to cite a publication that has multiple authors (or other contributors, such as editors). For example, instead of an in-text citation reading (Schouten, McAlexander, Smith, Rogers, & Koenig 2010), it would simply be (Schouten et al., 2010).
What is in-text citation example?
For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14).
How do you do in-text citations in MLA format?
In-text citations in MLA style follow the general format of author's last name followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. Here is an example: "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, use the first word (or words) of the title.
Where does the comma go?
Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. Example: In the beginning, there was light. Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Where is the punctuation placed when using an in text citation?
Punctuating Citations
Standard sentence punctuation should be placed after the parenthetical citation. Examples: Can we allow ourselves to trust Frank's Dramatic Theory of Cause and Effect (73-74)? There are ways to document this “overwhelming need for self-study” (Jones 18).
When should et al be used in MLA style?
If there are three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in place of the subsequent authors' names.
What is the difference between etc and et al?
Both Latin phrases are used when writing or talking about lists. “Et al.” is used to reference other people not specifically named in your list. “Etc.” is used when listing groups of nouns and adjectives.
What is the rule on etc in formal writing?
It's agreed that “etc.” shouldn't be used in formal writing—reserve it for informal writing only. It's OK to use “etc.” in a blog post, message to a friend, or social media post, but exclude it from essays, research papers, or resumes.
What are the punctuation rules for etc?
The abbreviation etc. always ends with a period, regardless of any additional punctuation that may follow: Karen tries not to eat chips, chocolate, etc. , even though she loves junk food.
Is there a comma after ET?
In most Academic referencing styles, “et al.” should be followed by a comma if it's inside the parenthetical in-text citation, as shown in the last example. You don't usually need a comma before “et al.” because the term is typically used after a single name.
Do you put an apostrophe after et al?
Correct: In Smith et al.'s study. But, it's best to avoid possessive phrasing when using et al. Instead, change it “Smith et al. (2015) found that . . .” or “In a study by Smith et al.”
What does et al mean in punctuation?
This phrase means and others. Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.
Is there a comma in Chicago in-text citation?
CMS Author/Date in-text formatting rules are as follows: A space, not a comma, should separate the author's name and the year of publication. Page numbers are included only when part of a source or a direct quotation is cited. Abbreviations ("p." or "pp.") are not required.
How do you punctuate in-text citations in Chicago style?
In the author-date style, in-text references contain the name of the author(s), the year of publication of the document, and page number if applicable. Enclose the name and year in parenthesis. Leave a space between name and year. No punctuation is necessary.
What is meant by the Oxford comma?
The Oxford comma (also known as the serial comma or Harvard comma) is the use of a comma before the conjunction in a list of three or more items (e.g., the comma before “and” in “paints, brushes, and canvas”). The name comes from the fact that it's recommended by Oxford University Press.
What can I use instead of et al?
If you're looking for an alternative to 'et al. ', some journals and style guides allow the use of 'and colleagues'.
What is an example of et al in MLA?
Gullion, Jessica, et al. “Conceptualizing Illness: Explanatory Models of the 'Flu' Among Daycare Providers.” Texas Public Health Association Journal, vol.
How do you use et al in Chicago?
In a Chicago style footnote, list up to three authors. If there are more than three, name only the first author, followed by “et al.” In the bibliography, list up to 10 authors. If there are more than 10, list the first seven followed by “et al.”
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